John Conway proved that such a pattern exists in Life, and an outline of the proof can be found in Winning Ways for Your Mathematical Plays and The Recursive Universe. In any case, to qualify as universal, a constructor should be able to construct itself as well as an unlimited variety of other configurations, depending on what instructions are given to it. The general definition is a bit vague, since it can also be applied to other cellular automata, including rules such as Von Neumann's original 29-state rule that may not even have simple gliders, and so construction is more readily done via signals traveling through "wires". A universal constructor in Conway's Life is a pattern that is able to construct any pattern that has a glider synthesis.
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